POST /path HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com

foo=bar&baz=bat

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain

This is the response body

$message = $message->withHeader('foo', 'bar');

echo $message->getHeaderLine('foo');
// Outputs: bar

echo $message->getHeaderLine('FOO');
// Outputs: bar

$message = $message->withHeader('fOO', 'baz');
echo $message->getHeaderLine('foo');
// Outputs: baz

$message = $message
    ->withHeader('foo', 'bar')
    ->withAddedHeader('foo', 'baz');

$header = $message->getHeaderLine('foo');
// $header contains: 'bar, baz'

$header = $message->getHeader('foo');
// ['bar', 'baz']

$request = $request
    ->withMethod('OPTIONS')
    ->withRequestTarget('*')
    ->withUri(new Uri('https://example.org/'));

OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1

array(
    'files' => array(
        'name' => array(
            0 => 'file0.txt',
            1 => 'file1.html',
        ),
        'type' => array(
            0 => 'text/plain',
            1 => 'text/html',
        ),
        /* etc. */
    ),
)

array(
    'files' => array(
        0 => array(
            'name' => 'file0.txt',
            'type' => 'text/plain',
            /* etc. */
        ),
        1 => array(
            'name' => 'file1.html',
            'type' => 'text/html',
            /* etc. */
        ),
    ),
)

<input type="file" name="avatar" />

array(
    'avatar' => array(
        'tmp_name' => 'phpUxcOty',
        'name' => 'my-avatar.png',
        'size' => 90996,
        'type' => 'image/png',
        'error' => 0,
    ),
)

array(
    'avatar' => /* UploadedFileInterface instance */
)

<input type="file" name="my-form[details][avatar]" />

array(
    'my-form' => array(
        'details' => array(
            'avatar' => array(
                'tmp_name' => 'phpUxcOty',
                'name' => 'my-avatar.png',
                'size' => 90996,
                'type' => 'image/png',
                'error' => 0,
            ),
        ),
    ),
)

array(
    'my-form' => array(
        'details' => array(
            'avatar' => /* UploadedFileInterface instance */
        ),
    ),
)

Upload an avatar: <input type="file" "name="my-form[details][avatars][]" />
Upload an avatar: <input type="file" "name="my-form[details][avatars][]" />

array(
    'my-form' => array(
        'details' => array(
            'avatars' => array(
                'tmp_name' => array(
                    0 => '...',
                    1 => '...',
                    2 => '...',
                ),
                'name' => array(
                    0 => '...',
                    1 => '...',
                    2 => '...',
                ),
                'size' => array(
                    0 => '...',
                    1 => '...',
                    2 => '...',
                ),
                'type' => array(
                    0 => '...',
                    1 => '...',
                    2 => '...',
                ),
                'error' => array(
                    0 => '...',
                    1 => '...',
                    2 => '...',
                ),
            ),
        ),
    ),
)

array(
    'my-form' => array(
        'details' => array(
            'avatars' => array(
                0 => /* UploadedFileInterface instance */,
                1 => /* UploadedFileInterface instance */,
                2 => /* UploadedFileInterface instance */,
            ),
        ),
    ),
)

$request->getUploadedFiles()['my-form']['details']['avatars'][1];

$file0 = $request->getUploadedFiles()['files'][0];
$file1 = $request->getUploadedFiles()['files'][1];

printf(
    "Received the files %s and %s",
    $file0->getClientFilename(),
    $file1->getClientFilename()
);

// "Received the files file0.txt and file1.html"

// Move a file to an upload directory
$filename = sprintf(
    '%s.%s',
    create_uuid(),
    pathinfo($file0->getClientFilename(), PATHINFO_EXTENSION)
);
$file0->moveTo(DATA_DIR . '/' . $filename);

// Stream a file to Amazon S3.
// Assume $s3wrapper is a PHP stream that will write to S3, and that
// Psr7StreamWrapper is a class that will decorate a StreamInterface as a PHP
// StreamWrapper.
$stream = new Psr7StreamWrapper($file1->getStream());
stream_copy_to_stream($stream, $s3wrapper);

<?php
namespace Psr\Http\Message;

/**
 * HTTP messages consist of requests from a client to a server and responses
 * from a server to a client. This interface defines the methods common to
 * each.
 *
 * Messages are considered immutable; all methods that might change state MUST
 * be implemented such that they retain the internal state of the current
 * message and return an instance that contains the changed state.
 *
 * @see http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7230.txt
 * @see http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7231.txt
 */
interface MessageInterface
{
    /**
     * Retrieves the HTTP protocol version as a string.
     *
     * The string MUST contain only the HTTP version number (e.g., "1.1", "1.0").
     *
     * @return string HTTP protocol version.
     */
    public function getProtocolVersion();

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified HTTP protocol version.
     *
     * The version string MUST contain only the HTTP version number (e.g.,
     * "1.1", "1.0").
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * new protocol version.
     *
     * @param string $version HTTP protocol version
     * @return self
     */
    public function withProtocolVersion($version);

    /**
     * Retrieves all message header values.
     *
     * The keys represent the header name as it will be sent over the wire, and
     * each value is an array of strings associated with the header.
     *
     *     // Represent the headers as a string
     *     foreach ($message->getHeaders() as $name => $values) {
     *         echo $name . ": " . implode(", ", $values);
     *     }
     *
     *     // Emit headers iteratively:
     *     foreach ($message->getHeaders() as $name => $values) {
     *         foreach ($values as $value) {
     *             header(sprintf('%s: %s', $name, $value), false);
     *         }
     *     }
     *
     * While header names are not case-sensitive, getHeaders() will preserve the
     * exact case in which headers were originally specified.
     *
     * @return string[][] Returns an associative array of the message's headers.
     *     Each key MUST be a header name, and each value MUST be an array of
     *     strings for that header.
     */
    public function getHeaders();

    /**
     * Checks if a header exists by the given case-insensitive name.
     *
     * @param string $name Case-insensitive header field name.
     * @return bool Returns true if any header names match the given header
     *     name using a case-insensitive string comparison. Returns false if
     *     no matching header name is found in the message.
     */
    public function hasHeader($name);

    /**
     * Retrieves a message header value by the given case-insensitive name.
     *
     * This method returns an array of all the header values of the given
     * case-insensitive header name.
     *
     * If the header does not appear in the message, this method MUST return an
     * empty array.
     *
     * @param string $name Case-insensitive header field name.
     * @return string[] An array of string values as provided for the given
     *    header. If the header does not appear in the message, this method MUST
     *    return an empty array.
     */
    public function getHeader($name);

    /**
     * Retrieves a comma-separated string of the values for a single header.
     *
     * This method returns all of the header values of the given
     * case-insensitive header name as a string concatenated together using
     * a comma.
     *
     * NOTE: Not all header values may be appropriately represented using
     * comma concatenation. For such headers, use getHeader() instead
     * and supply your own delimiter when concatenating.
     *
     * If the header does not appear in the message, this method MUST return
     * an empty string.
     *
     * @param string $name Case-insensitive header field name.
     * @return string A string of values as provided for the given header
     *    concatenated together using a comma. If the header does not appear in
     *    the message, this method MUST return an empty string.
     */
    public function getHeaderLine($name);

    /**
     * Return an instance with the provided value replacing the specified header.
     *
     * While header names are case-insensitive, the casing of the header will
     * be preserved by this function, and returned from getHeaders().
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * new and/or updated header and value.
     *
     * @param string $name Case-insensitive header field name.
     * @param string|string[] $value Header value(s).
     * @return self
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException for invalid header names or values.
     */
    public function withHeader($name, $value);

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified header appended with the given value.
     *
     * Existing values for the specified header will be maintained. The new
     * value(s) will be appended to the existing list. If the header did not
     * exist previously, it will be added.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * new header and/or value.
     *
     * @param string $name Case-insensitive header field name to add.
     * @param string|string[] $value Header value(s).
     * @return self
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException for invalid header names.
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException for invalid header values.
     */
    public function withAddedHeader($name, $value);

    /**
     * Return an instance without the specified header.
     *
     * Header resolution MUST be done without case-sensitivity.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that removes
     * the named header.
     *
     * @param string $name Case-insensitive header field name to remove.
     * @return self
     */
    public function withoutHeader($name);

    /**
     * Gets the body of the message.
     *
     * @return StreamInterface Returns the body as a stream.
     */
    public function getBody();

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified message body.
     *
     * The body MUST be a StreamInterface object.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return a new instance that has the
     * new body stream.
     *
     * @param StreamInterface $body Body.
     * @return self
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException When the body is not valid.
     */
    public function withBody(StreamInterface $body);
}

<?php
namespace Psr\Http\Message;

/**
 * Representation of an outgoing, client-side request.
 *
 * Per the HTTP specification, this interface includes properties for
 * each of the following:
 *
 * - Protocol version
 * - HTTP method
 * - URI
 * - Headers
 * - Message body
 *
 * During construction, implementations MUST attempt to set the Host header from
 * a provided URI if no Host header is provided.
 *
 * Requests are considered immutable; all methods that might change state MUST
 * be implemented such that they retain the internal state of the current
 * message and return an instance that contains the changed state.
 */
interface RequestInterface extends MessageInterface
{
    /**
     * Retrieves the message's request target.
     *
     * Retrieves the message's request-target either as it will appear (for
     * clients), as it appeared at request (for servers), or as it was
     * specified for the instance (see withRequestTarget()).
     *
     * In most cases, this will be the origin-form of the composed URI,
     * unless a value was provided to the concrete implementation (see
     * withRequestTarget() below).
     *
     * If no URI is available, and no request-target has been specifically
     * provided, this method MUST return the string "/".
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getRequestTarget();

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specific request-target.
     *
     * If the request needs a non-origin-form request-target — e.g., for
     * specifying an absolute-form, authority-form, or asterisk-form —
     * this method may be used to create an instance with the specified
     * request-target, verbatim.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * changed request target.
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-2.7 (for the various
     *     request-target forms allowed in request messages)
     * @param mixed $requestTarget
     * @return self
     */
    public function withRequestTarget($requestTarget);

    /**
     * Retrieves the HTTP method of the request.
     *
     * @return string Returns the request method.
     */
    public function getMethod();

    /**
     * Return an instance with the provided HTTP method.
     *
     * While HTTP method names are typically all uppercase characters, HTTP
     * method names are case-sensitive and thus implementations SHOULD NOT
     * modify the given string.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * changed request method.
     *
     * @param string $method Case-sensitive method.
     * @return self
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException for invalid HTTP methods.
     */
    public function withMethod($method);

    /**
     * Retrieves the URI instance.
     *
     * This method MUST return a UriInterface instance.
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-4.3
     * @return UriInterface Returns a UriInterface instance
     *     representing the URI of the request.
     */
    public function getUri();

    /**
     * Returns an instance with the provided URI.
     *
     * This method MUST update the Host header of the returned request by
     * default if the URI contains a host component. If the URI does not
     * contain a host component, any pre-existing Host header MUST be carried
     * over to the returned request.
     *
     * You can opt-in to preserving the original state of the Host header by
     * setting `$preserveHost` to `true`. When `$preserveHost` is set to
     * `true`, this method interacts with the Host header in the following ways:
     *
     * - If the the Host header is missing or empty, and the new URI contains
     *   a host component, this method MUST update the Host header in the returned
     *   request.
     * - If the Host header is missing or empty, and the new URI does not contain a
     *   host component, this method MUST NOT update the Host header in the returned
     *   request.
     * - If a Host header is present and non-empty, this method MUST NOT update
     *   the Host header in the returned request.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * new UriInterface instance.
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-4.3
     * @param UriInterface $uri New request URI to use.
     * @param bool $preserveHost Preserve the original state of the Host header.
     * @return self
     */
    public function withUri(UriInterface $uri, $preserveHost = false);
}

<?php
namespace Psr\Http\Message;

/**
 * Representation of an incoming, server-side HTTP request.
 *
 * Per the HTTP specification, this interface includes properties for
 * each of the following:
 *
 * - Protocol version
 * - HTTP method
 * - URI
 * - Headers
 * - Message body
 *
 * Additionally, it encapsulates all data as it has arrived to the
 * application from the CGI and/or PHP environment, including:
 *
 * - The values represented in $_SERVER.
 * - Any cookies provided (generally via $_COOKIE)
 * - Query string arguments (generally via $_GET, or as parsed via parse_str())
 * - Upload files, if any (as represented by $_FILES)
 * - Deserialized body parameters (generally from $_POST)
 *
 * $_SERVER values MUST be treated as immutable, as they represent application
 * state at the time of request; as such, no methods are provided to allow
 * modification of those values. The other values provide such methods, as they
 * can be restored from $_SERVER or the request body, and may need treatment
 * during the application (e.g., body parameters may be deserialized based on
 * content type).
 *
 * Additionally, this interface recognizes the utility of introspecting a
 * request to derive and match additional parameters (e.g., via URI path
 * matching, decrypting cookie values, deserializing non-form-encoded body
 * content, matching authorization headers to users, etc). These parameters
 * are stored in an "attributes" property.
 *
 * Requests are considered immutable; all methods that might change state MUST
 * be implemented such that they retain the internal state of the current
 * message and return an instance that contains the changed state.
 */
interface ServerRequestInterface extends RequestInterface
{
    /**
     * Retrieve server parameters.
     *
     * Retrieves data related to the incoming request environment,
     * typically derived from PHP's $_SERVER superglobal. The data IS NOT
     * REQUIRED to originate from $_SERVER.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getServerParams();

    /**
     * Retrieve cookies.
     *
     * Retrieves cookies sent by the client to the server.
     *
     * The data MUST be compatible with the structure of the $_COOKIE
     * superglobal.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getCookieParams();

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified cookies.
     *
     * The data IS NOT REQUIRED to come from the $_COOKIE superglobal, but MUST
     * be compatible with the structure of $_COOKIE. Typically, this data will
     * be injected at instantiation.
     *
     * This method MUST NOT update the related Cookie header of the request
     * instance, nor related values in the server params.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * updated cookie values.
     *
     * @param array $cookies Array of key/value pairs representing cookies.
     * @return self
     */
    public function withCookieParams(array $cookies);

    /**
     * Retrieve query string arguments.
     *
     * Retrieves the deserialized query string arguments, if any.
     *
     * Note: the query params might not be in sync with the URI or server
     * params. If you need to ensure you are only getting the original
     * values, you may need to parse the query string from `getUri()->getQuery()`
     * or from the `QUERY_STRING` server param.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getQueryParams();

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified query string arguments.
     *
     * These values SHOULD remain immutable over the course of the incoming
     * request. They MAY be injected during instantiation, such as from PHP's
     * $_GET superglobal, or MAY be derived from some other value such as the
     * URI. In cases where the arguments are parsed from the URI, the data
     * MUST be compatible with what PHP's parse_str() would return for
     * purposes of how duplicate query parameters are handled, and how nested
     * sets are handled.
     *
     * Setting query string arguments MUST NOT change the URI stored by the
     * request, nor the values in the server params.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * updated query string arguments.
     *
     * @param array $query Array of query string arguments, typically from
     *     $_GET.
     * @return self
     */
    public function withQueryParams(array $query);

    /**
     * Retrieve normalized file upload data.
     *
     * This method returns upload metadata in a normalized tree, with each leaf
     * an instance of Psr\Http\Message\UploadedFileInterface.
     *
     * These values MAY be prepared from $_FILES or the message body during
     * instantiation, or MAY be injected via withUploadedFiles().
     *
     * @return array An array tree of UploadedFileInterface instances; an empty
     *     array MUST be returned if no data is present.
     */
    public function getUploadedFiles();

    /**
     * Create a new instance with the specified uploaded files.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * updated body parameters.
     *
     * @param array An array tree of UploadedFileInterface instances.
     * @return self
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if an invalid structure is provided.
     */
    public function withUploadedFiles(array $uploadedFiles);

    /**
     * Retrieve any parameters provided in the request body.
     *
     * If the request Content-Type is either application/x-www-form-urlencoded
     * or multipart/form-data, and the request method is POST, this method MUST
     * return the contents of $_POST.
     *
     * Otherwise, this method may return any results of deserializing
     * the request body content; as parsing returns structured content, the
     * potential types MUST be arrays or objects only. A null value indicates
     * the absence of body content.
     *
     * @return null|array|object The deserialized body parameters, if any.
     *     These will typically be an array or object.
     */
    public function getParsedBody();

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified body parameters.
     *
     * These MAY be injected during instantiation.
     *
     * If the request Content-Type is either application/x-www-form-urlencoded
     * or multipart/form-data, and the request method is POST, use this method
     * ONLY to inject the contents of $_POST.
     *
     * The data IS NOT REQUIRED to come from $_POST, but MUST be the results of
     * deserializing the request body content. Deserialization/parsing returns
     * structured data, and, as such, this method ONLY accepts arrays or objects,
     * or a null value if nothing was available to parse.
     *
     * As an example, if content negotiation determines that the request data
     * is a JSON payload, this method could be used to create a request
     * instance with the deserialized parameters.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * updated body parameters.
     *
     * @param null|array|object $data The deserialized body data. This will
     *     typically be in an array or object.
     * @return self
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if an unsupported argument type is
     *     provided.
     */
    public function withParsedBody($data);

    /**
     * Retrieve attributes derived from the request.
     *
     * The request "attributes" may be used to allow injection of any
     * parameters derived from the request: e.g., the results of path
     * match operations; the results of decrypting cookies; the results of
     * deserializing non-form-encoded message bodies; etc. Attributes
     * will be application and request specific, and CAN be mutable.
     *
     * @return mixed[] Attributes derived from the request.
     */
    public function getAttributes();

    /**
     * Retrieve a single derived request attribute.
     *
     * Retrieves a single derived request attribute as described in
     * getAttributes(). If the attribute has not been previously set, returns
     * the default value as provided.
     *
     * This method obviates the need for a hasAttribute() method, as it allows
     * specifying a default value to return if the attribute is not found.
     *
     * @see getAttributes()
     * @param string $name The attribute name.
     * @param mixed $default Default value to return if the attribute does not exist.
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getAttribute($name, $default = null);

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified derived request attribute.
     *
     * This method allows setting a single derived request attribute as
     * described in getAttributes().
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * updated attribute.
     *
     * @see getAttributes()
     * @param string $name The attribute name.
     * @param mixed $value The value of the attribute.
     * @return self
     */
    public function withAttribute($name, $value);

    /**
     * Return an instance that removes the specified derived request attribute.
     *
     * This method allows removing a single derived request attribute as
     * described in getAttributes().
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that removes
     * the attribute.
     *
     * @see getAttributes()
     * @param string $name The attribute name.
     * @return self
     */
    public function withoutAttribute($name);
}

<?php
namespace Psr\Http\Message;

/**
 * Representation of an outgoing, server-side response.
 *
 * Per the HTTP specification, this interface includes properties for
 * each of the following:
 *
 * - Protocol version
 * - Status code and reason phrase
 * - Headers
 * - Message body
 *
 * Responses are considered immutable; all methods that might change state MUST
 * be implemented such that they retain the internal state of the current
 * message and return an instance that contains the changed state.
 */
interface ResponseInterface extends MessageInterface
{
    /**
     * Gets the response status code.
     *
     * The status code is a 3-digit integer result code of the server's attempt
     * to understand and satisfy the request.
     *
     * @return int Status code.
     */
    public function getStatusCode();

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified status code and, optionally, reason phrase.
     *
     * If no reason phrase is specified, implementations MAY choose to default
     * to the RFC 7231 or IANA recommended reason phrase for the response's
     * status code.
     *
     * This method MUST be implemented in such a way as to retain the
     * immutability of the message, and MUST return an instance that has the
     * updated status and reason phrase.
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6
     * @see http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml
     * @param int $code The 3-digit integer result code to set.
     * @param string $reasonPhrase The reason phrase to use with the
     *     provided status code; if none is provided, implementations MAY
     *     use the defaults as suggested in the HTTP specification.
     * @return self
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException For invalid status code arguments.
     */
    public function withStatus($code, $reasonPhrase = '');

    /**
     * Gets the response reason phrase associated with the status code.
     *
     * Because a reason phrase is not a required element in a response
     * status line, the reason phrase value MAY be null. Implementations MAY
     * choose to return the default RFC 7231 recommended reason phrase (or those
     * listed in the IANA HTTP Status Code Registry) for the response's
     * status code.
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6
     * @see http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml
     * @return string Reason phrase; must return an empty string if none present.
     */
    public function getReasonPhrase();
}

<?php
namespace Psr\Http\Message;

/**
 * Describes a data stream.
 *
 * Typically, an instance will wrap a PHP stream; this interface provides
 * a wrapper around the most common operations, including serialization of
 * the entire stream to a string.
 */
interface StreamInterface
{
    /**
     * Reads all data from the stream into a string, from the beginning to end.
     *
     * This method MUST attempt to seek to the beginning of the stream before
     * reading data and read the stream until the end is reached.
     *
     * Warning: This could attempt to load a large amount of data into memory.
     *
     * This method MUST NOT raise an exception in order to conform with PHP's
     * string casting operations.
     *
     * @see http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php#object.tostring
     * @return string
     */
    public function __toString();

    /**
     * Closes the stream and any underlying resources.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function close();

    /**
     * Separates any underlying resources from the stream.
     *
     * After the stream has been detached, the stream is in an unusable state.
     *
     * @return resource|null Underlying PHP stream, if any
     */
    public function detach();

    /**
     * Get the size of the stream if known.
     *
     * @return int|null Returns the size in bytes if known, or null if unknown.
     */
    public function getSize();

    /**
     * Returns the current position of the file read/write pointer
     *
     * @return int Position of the file pointer
     * @throws \RuntimeException on error.
     */
    public function tell();

    /**
     * Returns true if the stream is at the end of the stream.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function eof();

    /**
     * Returns whether or not the stream is seekable.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isSeekable();

    /**
     * Seek to a position in the stream.
     *
     * @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.fseek.php
     * @param int $offset Stream offset
     * @param int $whence Specifies how the cursor position will be calculated
     *     based on the seek offset. Valid values are identical to the built-in
     *     PHP $whence values for `fseek()`.  SEEK_SET: Set position equal to
     *     offset bytes SEEK_CUR: Set position to current location plus offset
     *     SEEK_END: Set position to end-of-stream plus offset.
     * @throws \RuntimeException on failure.
     */
    public function seek($offset, $whence = SEEK_SET);

    /**
     * Seek to the beginning of the stream.
     *
     * If the stream is not seekable, this method will raise an exception;
     * otherwise, it will perform a seek(0).
     *
     * @see seek()
     * @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.fseek.php
     * @throws \RuntimeException on failure.
     */
    public function rewind();

    /**
     * Returns whether or not the stream is writable.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isWritable();

    /**
     * Write data to the stream.
     *
     * @param string $string The string that is to be written.
     * @return int Returns the number of bytes written to the stream.
     * @throws \RuntimeException on failure.
     */
    public function write($string);

    /**
     * Returns whether or not the stream is readable.
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isReadable();

    /**
     * Read data from the stream.
     *
     * @param int $length Read up to $length bytes from the object and return
     *     them. Fewer than $length bytes may be returned if underlying stream
     *     call returns fewer bytes.
     * @return string Returns the data read from the stream, or an empty string
     *     if no bytes are available.
     * @throws \RuntimeException if an error occurs.
     */
    public function read($length);

    /**
     * Returns the remaining contents in a string
     *
     * @return string
     * @throws \RuntimeException if unable to read.
     * @throws \RuntimeException if error occurs while reading.
     */
    public function getContents();

    /**
     * Get stream metadata as an associative array or retrieve a specific key.
     *
     * The keys returned are identical to the keys returned from PHP's
     * stream_get_meta_data() function.
     *
     * @see http://php.net/manual/en/function.stream-get-meta-data.php
     * @param string $key Specific metadata to retrieve.
     * @return array|mixed|null Returns an associative array if no key is
     *     provided. Returns a specific key value if a key is provided and the
     *     value is found, or null if the key is not found.
     */
    public function getMetadata($key = null);
}

<?php
namespace Psr\Http\Message;

/**
 * Value object representing a URI.
 *
 * This interface is meant to represent URIs according to RFC 3986 and to
 * provide methods for most common operations. Additional functionality for
 * working with URIs can be provided on top of the interface or externally.
 * Its primary use is for HTTP requests, but may also be used in other
 * contexts.
 *
 * Instances of this interface are considered immutable; all methods that
 * might change state MUST be implemented such that they retain the internal
 * state of the current instance and return an instance that contains the
 * changed state.
 *
 * Typically the Host header will be also be present in the request message.
 * For server-side requests, the scheme will typically be discoverable in the
 * server parameters.
 *
 * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986 (the URI specification)
 */
interface UriInterface
{
    /**
     * Retrieve the scheme component of the URI.
     *
     * If no scheme is present, this method MUST return an empty string.
     *
     * The value returned MUST be normalized to lowercase, per RFC 3986
     * Section 3.1.
     *
     * The trailing ":" character is not part of the scheme and MUST NOT be
     * added.
     *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.1
     * @return string The URI scheme.
     */
    public function getScheme();

    /**
     * Retrieve the authority component of the URI.
     *
     * If no authority information is present, this method MUST return an empty
     * string.
     *
     * The authority syntax of the URI is:
     *
     * <pre>
     * [user-info@]host[:port]
     * </pre>
     *
     * If the port component is not set or is the standard port for the current
     * scheme, it SHOULD NOT be included.
     *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2
     * @return string The URI authority, in "[user-info@]host[:port]" format.
     */
    public function getAuthority();

    /**
     * Retrieve the user information component of the URI.
     *
     * If no user information is present, this method MUST return an empty
     * string.
     *
     * If a user is present in the URI, this will return that value;
     * additionally, if the password is also present, it will be appended to the
     * user value, with a colon (":") separating the values.
     *
     * The trailing "@" character is not part of the user information and MUST
     * NOT be added.
     *
     * @return string The URI user information, in "username[:password]" format.
     */
    public function getUserInfo();

    /**
     * Retrieve the host component of the URI.
     *
     * If no host is present, this method MUST return an empty string.
     *
     * The value returned MUST be normalized to lowercase, per RFC 3986
     * Section 3.2.2.
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2
     * @return string The URI host.
     */
    public function getHost();

    /**
     * Retrieve the port component of the URI.
     *
     * If a port is present, and it is non-standard for the current scheme,
     * this method MUST return it as an integer. If the port is the standard port
     * used with the current scheme, this method SHOULD return null.
     *
     * If no port is present, and no scheme is present, this method MUST return
     * a null value.
     *
     * If no port is present, but a scheme is present, this method MAY return
     * the standard port for that scheme, but SHOULD return null.
     *
     * @return null|int The URI port.
     */
    public function getPort();

    /**
     * Retrieve the path component of the URI.
     *
     * The path can either be empty or absolute (starting with a slash) or
     * rootless (not starting with a slash). Implementations MUST support all
     * three syntaxes.
     *
     * Normally, the empty path "" and absolute path "/" are considered equal as
     * defined in RFC 7230 Section 2.7.3. But this method MUST NOT automatically
     * do this normalization because in contexts with a trimmed base path, e.g.
     * the front controller, this difference becomes significant. It's the task
     * of the user to handle both "" and "/".
     *
     * The value returned MUST be percent-encoded, but MUST NOT double-encode
     * any characters. To determine what characters to encode, please refer to
     * RFC 3986, Sections 2 and 3.3.
     *
     * As an example, if the value should include a slash ("/") not intended as
     * delimiter between path segments, that value MUST be passed in encoded
     * form (e.g., "%2F") to the instance.
     *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.3
     * @return string The URI path.
     */
    public function getPath();

    /**
     * Retrieve the query string of the URI.
     *
     * If no query string is present, this method MUST return an empty string.
     *
     * The leading "?" character is not part of the query and MUST NOT be
     * added.
     *
     * The value returned MUST be percent-encoded, but MUST NOT double-encode
     * any characters. To determine what characters to encode, please refer to
     * RFC 3986, Sections 2 and 3.4.
     *
     * As an example, if a value in a key/value pair of the query string should
     * include an ampersand ("&") not intended as a delimiter between values,
     * that value MUST be passed in encoded form (e.g., "%26") to the instance.
     *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.4
     * @return string The URI query string.
     */
    public function getQuery();

    /**
     * Retrieve the fragment component of the URI.
     *
     * If no fragment is present, this method MUST return an empty string.
     *
     * The leading "#" character is not part of the fragment and MUST NOT be
     * added.
     *
     * The value returned MUST be percent-encoded, but MUST NOT double-encode
     * any characters. To determine what characters to encode, please refer to
     * RFC 3986, Sections 2 and 3.5.
     *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.5
     * @return string The URI fragment.
     */
    public function getFragment();

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified scheme.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified scheme.
     *
     * Implementations MUST support the schemes "http" and "https" case
     * insensitively, and MAY accommodate other schemes if required.
     *
     * An empty scheme is equivalent to removing the scheme.
     *
     * @param string $scheme The scheme to use with the new instance.
     * @return self A new instance with the specified scheme.
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException for invalid schemes.
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException for unsupported schemes.
     */
    public function withScheme($scheme);

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified user information.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified user information.
     *
     * Password is optional, but the user information MUST include the
     * user; an empty string for the user is equivalent to removing user
     * information.
     *
     * @param string $user The user name to use for authority.
     * @param null|string $password The password associated with $user.
     * @return self A new instance with the specified user information.
     */
    public function withUserInfo($user, $password = null);

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified host.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified host.
     *
     * An empty host value is equivalent to removing the host.
     *
     * @param string $host The hostname to use with the new instance.
     * @return self A new instance with the specified host.
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException for invalid hostnames.
     */
    public function withHost($host);

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified port.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified port.
     *
     * Implementations MUST raise an exception for ports outside the
     * established TCP and UDP port ranges.
     *
     * A null value provided for the port is equivalent to removing the port
     * information.
     *
     * @param null|int $port The port to use with the new instance; a null value
     *     removes the port information.
     * @return self A new instance with the specified port.
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException for invalid ports.
     */
    public function withPort($port);

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified path.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified path.
     *
     * The path can either be empty or absolute (starting with a slash) or
     * rootless (not starting with a slash). Implementations MUST support all
     * three syntaxes.
     *
     * If the path is intended to be domain-relative rather than path relative then
     * it must begin with a slash ("/"). Paths not starting with a slash ("/")
     * are assumed to be relative to some base path known to the application or
     * consumer.
     *
     * Users can provide both encoded and decoded path characters.
     * Implementations ensure the correct encoding as outlined in getPath().
     *
     * @param string $path The path to use with the new instance.
     * @return self A new instance with the specified path.
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException for invalid paths.
     */
    public function withPath($path);

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified query string.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified query string.
     *
     * Users can provide both encoded and decoded query characters.
     * Implementations ensure the correct encoding as outlined in getQuery().
     *
     * An empty query string value is equivalent to removing the query string.
     *
     * @param string $query The query string to use with the new instance.
     * @return self A new instance with the specified query string.
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException for invalid query strings.
     */
    public function withQuery($query);

    /**
     * Return an instance with the specified URI fragment.
     *
     * This method MUST retain the state of the current instance, and return
     * an instance that contains the specified URI fragment.
     *
     * Users can provide both encoded and decoded fragment characters.
     * Implementations ensure the correct encoding as outlined in getFragment().
     *
     * An empty fragment value is equivalent to removing the fragment.
     *
     * @param string $fragment The fragment to use with the new instance.
     * @return self A new instance with the specified fragment.
     */
    public function withFragment($fragment);

    /**
     * Return the string representation as a URI reference.
     *
     * Depending on which components of the URI are present, the resulting
     * string is either a full URI or relative reference according to RFC 3985,
     * Section 4.1. The method concatenates the various components of the URI,
     * using the appropriate delimiters:
     *
     * - If a scheme is present, it MUST be suffixed by ":".
     * - If an authority is present, it MUST be prefixed by "//".
     * - The path can be concatenated without delimiters. But there are two
     *   cases where the path has to be adjusted to make the URI reference
     *   valid as PHP does not allow to throw an exception in __toString():
     *     - If the path is rootless and an authority is present, the path MUST
     *       be prefixed by "/".
     *     - If the path is starting with more than one "/" and no authority is
     *       present, the starting slashes MUST be reduced to one.
     * - If a query is present, it MUST be prefixed by "?".
     * - If a fragment is present, it MUST be prefixed by "#".
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-4.1
     * @return string
     */
    public function __toString();
}

<?php
namespace Psr\Http\Message;

/**
 * Value object representing a file uploaded through an HTTP request.
 *
 * Instances of this interface are considered immutable; all methods that
 * might change state MUST be implemented such that they retain the internal
 * state of the current instance and return an instance that contains the
 * changed state.
 */
interface UploadedFileInterface
{
    /**
     * Retrieve a stream representing the uploaded file.
     *
     * This method MUST return a StreamInterface instance, representing the
     * uploaded file. The purpose of this method is to allow utilizing native PHP
     * stream functionality to manipulate the file upload, such as
     * stream_copy_to_stream() (though the result will need to be decorated in a
     * native PHP stream wrapper to work with such functions).
     *
     * If the moveTo() method has been called previously, this method MUST raise
     * an exception.
     *
     * @return StreamInterface Stream representation of the uploaded file.
     * @throws \RuntimeException in cases when no stream is available.
     * @throws \RuntimeException in cases when no stream can be created.
     */
    public function getStream();

    /**
     * Move the uploaded file to a new location.
     *
     * Use this method as an alternative to move_uploaded_file(). This method is
     * guaranteed to work in both SAPI and non-SAPI environments.
     * Implementations must determine which environment they are in, and use the
     * appropriate method (move_uploaded_file(), rename(), or a stream
     * operation) to perform the operation.
     *
     * $targetPath may be an absolute path, or a relative path. If it is a
     * relative path, resolution should be the same as used by PHP's rename()
     * function.
     *
     * The original file or stream MUST be removed on completion.
     *
     * If this method is called more than once, any subsequent calls MUST raise
     * an exception.
     *
     * When used in an SAPI environment where $_FILES is populated, when writing
     * files via moveTo(), is_uploaded_file() and move_uploaded_file() SHOULD be
     * used to ensure permissions and upload status are verified correctly.
     *
     * If you wish to move to a stream, use getStream(), as SAPI operations
     * cannot guarantee writing to stream destinations.
     *
     * @see http://php.net/is_uploaded_file
     * @see http://php.net/move_uploaded_file
     * @param string $targetPath Path to which to move the uploaded file.
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException if the $path specified is invalid.
     * @throws \RuntimeException on any error during the move operation.
     * @throws \RuntimeException on the second or subsequent call to the method.
     */
    public function moveTo($targetPath);

    /**
     * Retrieve the file size.
     *
     * Implementations SHOULD return the value stored in the "size" key of
     * the file in the $_FILES array if available, as PHP calculates this based
     * on the actual size transmitted.
     *
     * @return int|null The file size in bytes or null if unknown.
     */
    public function getSize();

    /**
     * Retrieve the error associated with the uploaded file.
     *
     * The return value MUST be one of PHP's UPLOAD_ERR_XXX constants.
     *
     * If the file was uploaded successfully, this method MUST return
     * UPLOAD_ERR_OK.
     *
     * Implementations SHOULD return the value stored in the "error" key of
     * the file in the $_FILES array.
     *
     * @see http://php.net/manual/en/features.file-upload.errors.php
     * @return int One of PHP's UPLOAD_ERR_XXX constants.
     */
    public function getError();

    /**
     * Retrieve the filename sent by the client.
     *
     * Do not trust the value returned by this method. A client could send
     * a malicious filename with the intention to corrupt or hack your
     * application.
     *
     * Implementations SHOULD return the value stored in the "name" key of
     * the file in the $_FILES array.
     *
     * @return string|null The filename sent by the client or null if none
     *     was provided.
     */
    public function getClientFilename();

    /**
     * Retrieve the media type sent by the client.
     *
     * Do not trust the value returned by this method. A client could send
     * a malicious media type with the intention to corrupt or hack your
     * application.
     *
     * Implementations SHOULD return the value stored in the "type" key of
     * the file in the $_FILES array.
     *
     * @return string|null The media type sent by the client or null if none
     *     was provided.
     */
    public function getClientMediaType();
}